FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN EMPLOYEES WORKING IN FIVE-STAR HOTELS IN HARYANA
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to know the relationship between employee engagement and job satisfaction. So, the term employee engagement starts from the first day of the recruitment, as the organization wants the best talent for the long time. It is very helpful for the organization as well as the employees. The people spend most of their time to their job, and the spirit towards their job and their motivation is considered to a very important factor for the job satisfaction. “Engaged employees are emotionally more connected with their job and organization which leads to get higher productivity for the employees as well as employer” (Gaur (2015). The effect of employee engagement on job satisfaction has been studied by so many experts. There findings are “the more enthusiastic the workers are, the better operating results they achieve for the company”. Employee engagement is the reflection of job performance as well as the business performance relating to key areas like, health & safety, customer satisfaction, efficiency & effectiveness, salary, promotions, working environment etc. (M. Rama Kumari et al. 2017). This study intends to analyze the factors affecting employee engagement employees working in five-star hotels in Haryana. The findings reveals that the major factors that plays significant role in affecting job satisfaction of employees are rewards and recognition factors, growth opportunity factors, organizational factors, colleagues support factor, flexibility at work factor and work environment factors of employee engagement.
Keyword : employee engagement, job satisfaction, hotel industry,
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Gaur, D., Mehta, D. D., & Mehta, D. N. K. (2015). EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: EMERGING SCENARIO. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 18(4), 52–57. • Kumari, M. R., D. P. Kumar, and T. N. Reddy. 2017. “Influence of Compensation Practices on Employee Performance in Cement Sectors: A Comparative Study.” International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research 15(5):495–506. • Ferguson, Amanda E. 2007. “Employee Engagement: What Is It, and How Does It Work in Business and Medical Contexts?” Conference Paper. • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. • Chandani, Arti, Mita Mehta, Akanksha Mall, and Vashwee Khokhar. 2016. “Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee Engagement.” Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9(15). doi: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i15/92145. • Harter, James K., Frank L. Schmidt, and Theodore L. Hayes. 2002. “Business-Unit-Level Relationship between Employee Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, and Business Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Applied Psychology 87(2):268–79. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.268. • Harter, James, Frank Schmidt, and Corey Keyes. 2003. “Well-Being in the Workplace and Its Relationship to Business Outcomes: A Review of the Gallup Studies.” Flourishing: The Positive Person and the Good Life 2. • Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or Depleting? The Dynamics of Engagement in Work and Family Roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 655–684. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094827. • Saks, A.M. (2006), "Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 21 No. 7, pp. 600-619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169 • Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., González-romá, V. et al. The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies 3, 71–92 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326 • Anitha J., 2014. "Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 63(3), pages 308-323, April. • Misra, R. (2009). Human Resource Management After Globalisation. Discovery Publishing House. • Sahoo, C. K., & Sahu, G. (2009). Effective employee engagement: The mantra of achieving organizational excellence. Management and labour studies, 34(1), 73-84. • Robinson, Viviane. 2006. “Putting Education Back into Educational Leadership.” 12:62–75. • Vorina, Anton, Miro Simonič, and Maria Vlasova. 2017. “An Analysis of the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement.” Economic Themes 55. doi: 10.1515/ethemes-2017-0014. • Grieshaber LD, Parker P, Deering J. Job satisfaction of nursing assistants in long-term care. The Health Care Supervisor. 1995 Jun;13(4):18-28. PMID: 10142539. • Locke, E.A. (1976) The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In: Dunnette, M.D., Ed., Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 1, 1297-1343. • Dawal, S. Z., Taha, Z., & Ismail, Z. (2009). Effect of job organization on job satisfaction among shop floor employees in automotive industries in Malaysia. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39(1), 1-6. • Henryhand, C. J. (2009). The effect of employee recognition and employee engagement on job satisfaction and intent to leave in the public sector (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). • Ali, S., & Farooqi, Y.A. (2014). Effect of Work Overload on Job Satisfaction, Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance and Employee Engagement ( A Case of Public Sector University of Gujranwala Division ). • Alamina, Ule & Idemudia, Sunday & Wapaimi, Aberes & Journals, Electronic. (2020). Workplace Spirituality and Employee's Engagement: An Empirical Perspective on Lecturers Work Behaviour. • E.Deepa, E.Deepa & Dr.S.Kuppusamy, Dr.S.Kuppusamy. (2011). Impact of Performance Appraisal System on Job Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Productivity. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 4. 4-6. 10.15373/2249555X/FEB2014/55. • Mehta, D., & Mehta, N. K. (2013). Employee engagement: A literature review. Economia. Seria Management, 16(2), 208-215. • SWARNALATHA, Dr & PRASANNA, T.S. (2012). Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific Research. 3. 339-340. 10.15373/22778179/MAY2014/106. • E.Deepa & Dr.S.Kuppusamy. (2011). Impact of Performance Appraisal System on Job Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Productivity. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 4. 4-6. 10.15373/2249555X/FEB2014/55. • Puspitawati, N. M. D., & Yuliawan, A. K. (2018). Role of employee engagement on work satisfaction regarding employee service quality at the Grand Santhi Hotel Denpasar. Review of Management and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1-16. • Ranga, P. (2021) Impact of Employee Engagement Factors On Job Satisfaction In Employees Working In Five-Star Hotels In Haryana. • Galagedara, N., & Weerasinghe, T. D. (2021). Impact of Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction: Study of the Employees of a Leading Five-Star Hotel in Sri Lanka. In Proceedings of the 5th International Research Symposium on HRM-CIPM Sri Lanka (p. 1). • Aon Hewitt. (2013). Trends in global employee engagement. Retrieved fromhttp://wwaon.com/attachments/human-capitalconsulting/2013_Trends_i n_Global_Employee_Engagement_Highlights.pdf. • Jnaneswar, K. (2016). A Study on the Level of Quality of Work Life Experienced by the Employees of Public Sector Units in Kerala. The Journal of Institute of Public Enterprise, 39(1), 1-15. • Kruse, K. (2012). Why employee engagement? These 28 research studies prove the benefits. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2012/09/04/why employee-engagement . • Mani, V. (2011). Analysis of employee engagement and its predictors.InternationalJournal of Human Resource Studies, 1(2), 15-26. doi:10.5296/ijhrs. v1i2.955. © 2019. • Mortimer, D. (2010). Employee engagement: 5 Factors that matter toemployees. Retrieved http://www.hrreview.co.uk/analysis/analysiswellbeing/employee-engagement-5-factors-that-matter-toemployees/8221. • Prasongthan, S., &Suveathwatanakul, C. (2017). Employee engagement model: A study of the hotel industry. Proceedings of ISER International conference, Tokyo. • Rajarajan. M, &Vetrivel, M. (2015). Welfare Measures and Quality of Work Life among the Workers towards hotel Industries -An Analysis, Asia Pacific Journal of Research, I (XXX), 1-17. • Robayet, S. (2015). Factors promoting work satisfaction of worker in Bangladesh: An empirical analysis. Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 2 (8), 39-47. • Sun, L., &Bunchapattankda, C. (2019). Employee engagement: A literature review. International journal of human resource studies, 9(1), 63-91. • Sundaray, B. K. (2011). Employee engagement a driver of organizational effectiveness. European Journal of Business & Management, 3(8), 53-59. • Suriyankietkae, S. Gayle, C. A. (2014). Employee satisfaction and sustainable leadership practices in Thai SMEs. Journal of Global Responsibility, 5 (1), 160 – 173. • Tepayakul, R., &Rinthaisong, I. (2018). Job satisfaction and employee engagement among human resource staff. The journal of behavioural sciences, 13(2), 68-81. • Wilson, K. (2009). A survey of employee engagement. (Doctoral dissertation,University of Missouri). Retrieved from https://mospace. umsystem. edu/xmlui/bitstream /handle/10355/6137/research. pdf?sequence=3. • Edgar, F. and Geare, A. (2005), “HRM practice and employee attitudes: different measures -different results”, Personal Review, Vol.34 No. 5, pp. 534-549. • Almutairi, D. O., Moradi, E., Idrus, D., Emani, R., & Alanazi, T. R. (2013). Job satisfaction and job performance: A case study of Five - star hotels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. World Journal of Social Science, 3(1), 27-37. • AIGassim, A., Barry, S., & McPhail, R. (2012). Exploring management amd employees’ perspective of HRM practices in Saudi Arabia MNC hotels. Journal Of Law and Social Science, 2(1), 148-154. • Banks, M. (2006). How one federal harnessed employee engagement as a tool of transformation? Journal Of Organisational Excellence, 25(4), 21-30. • Bretier , D., Tesone, D., Van Leeuwen, D.,& Rue, V . (2002). An analysis of hotel employees’ motivation using Kovach’ s ten factor model. Journal Of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 1(4), 63-77. • Carter, K. L. (1997). Why workers won’t work: The worker in a developing economy. The case study of Jamaica. London, UK:Macmillan Caribbean. • Costen, W., & Salazar, J. (2011). The impact of training and development on employee job satisfaction, loyalty, and intent to stay in the lodging industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. • Chandani, A., Mehta, M., Mall, A., & Khokhar, V. (2016). Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee Engagement. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(15). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i15/92145. • Conceptual Versus Empirical Distinctions Among Constructs: Implications for Discriminant Validity | Industrial and Organizational Psychology | Cambridge Core. (n.d.). Retrieved December 27, 2021, from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/industrial-and-organizationalpsychology/article/abs/conceptual-versus-empirical-distinctions-among-constructsimplications-for-discriminant-validity/3610FFB480721579C8B0816BF8C7876A. • Ferguson, D. A. (n.d.). ‘Employee engagement’: Does it exist, and if so, how does it relate to performance, other. EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT, 17. • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287. • Abdul Hamid, Amilina. 2018. “The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement at Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) Kangar, Perlis.” SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3186733. • Anon. n.d. “Chandani et al. - 2016 - Employee Engagement A Review Paper on Factors Aff.Pdf.”. • Anon. n.d. “Ferguson - ‘Employee Engagement’ Does It Exist, and If so, h.Pdf.” • Chandani, Arti, Mita Mehta, Akanksha Mall, and Vashwee Khokhar. 2016. “Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee Engagement.” Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9(15). doi: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i15/92145. • Ferguson, Amanda E. n.d. “Employee Engagement: What Is It, and How Does It Work in Business and Medical Contexts?”. • Ferguson, Dr Amanda. n.d. “‘Employee Engagement’: Does It Exist, and If so, How Does It Relate to Performance, Other.” EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT 17. • Galagedara, Nuwan, and T. D. Weerasinghe. n.d. “Impact of Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction: Study of the Employees of a Leading Five-Star Hotel in Sri Lanka.” 13. • Gaur, Deepika, Dr Dharmendra Mehta, and Dr Naveen K. Mehta. n.d. “EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: EMERGING SCENARIO.” 7. • Gupta, Manish, Shirshendu Ganguli, and Abhilash Ponnam. 2015. “Factors Affecting Employee Engagement in India: A Study on Offshoring of Financial Services.” 19. • Jaiswal, Dr Gaurav. n.d. “Impact Of Employee Engagement On Job Satisfaction And Motivation.” 12. • Kahn, William A. 1990. “Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work.” Academy of Management Journal 33(4):692–724. doi: 10.5465/256287. • Kumar, V. Siva. 2015. “An Empirical Study on Employee Engagement in Private Sector Banks.” International Journal of Applied Research 1(9):961–63. • Kumari, M. R., D. P. Kumar, and T. N. Reddy. 2017. “Influence of Compensation Practices on Employee Performance in Cement Sectors: A Comparative Study.” International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research 15(5):495–506. • Malhotra, Shweta. n.d. “A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT.” 13. • Puspitawati, Ni Made Dwi, and Adhi Krisna Yuliawan. 2019. “ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON WORK SATISFACTION REGARDING EMPLOYEE SERVICES QUALITY AT THE GRAND SANTHI HOTEL DENPASAR.” Review of Management and Entrepreneurship 2(1):1–16. doi: 10.37715/rme.v2i1.954. • School of Business, International University, VNU-HCM, Vietnam, Mai Ngoc Khuong, and Nguyen Thanh Tung. 2018. “Interior Design of Workplace and Employees’ Job Engagement: The Study of Hospitality Sector in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.” Journal of Economics, Business and Management 6(3):113–19. doi: 10.18178/joebm.2018.6.3.559. • Schuck, Michael Bradley, and Karen K. Wollard. n.d. “A Historical Perspective of Employee Engagement: An Emerging Definition.” 6. • Semwal, Manisha, and Atul Dhyani. 2017. “IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES TRAINING AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT ON THEIR ENGAGEMENT.” 12(1):19. • Slåtten, Terje, and Mehmet Mehmetoglu. 2011. “Antecedents and Effects of Engaged Frontline Employees: A Study from the Hospitality Industry.” Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 21(1):88–107. doi: 10.1108/09604521111100261. • Thakur, Preeti. 2014. “A Research Paper on the Effect of Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction in IT Sector.” Journal of Business Management 3(2319):9. • Vijaya kumar, Nithish, and Soni Vivek. n.d. “A Study on the Job Satisfaction of Employees in the Hospitality Industry.” 6