A QUALITATIVE STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE HR STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING MIGRANT WORKERS
Abstract
Migration has become a day to day reality in India. Kerala is witnessing a large influx of migrant workers from different parts of the country in recent years. They have become an integral part of the industrial arena of Kerala especially in the iron and steel industry. The factors like better employment opportunities, better living conditions and higher wages have prompted them to migrate to Kerala. Kerala's educational system has expanded substantially over the years in response to societal demand. Demographic transition, high literacy rate, better education and lack of professional and skilled jobs had forced Keralites to look for higher wages and better prospects outside the state and abroad. This trend has led to a decline in the availability of workforce in Kerala, especially in the unskilled job market. The present focuses on identifying the reason for recruiting migrant workers in steel manufacturing companies and identifying the HR strategies for employing migrant workers. The study was conducted in the steel manufacturing companies in Kerala. This is a qualitative study used semi- structured questionnaire to identify the HR strategies from the respondents. The respondents was HR managers of the company. Thematic analysis was utilised to evaluate the interview data. The study found that there were
Keyword : Migrant workers, HR strategies, Non statutory and statutory HR strategies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
1. Agbadudu, B. and K. Ogundipe, (2000). Motivating workers. An empirical investigation of university nndergraduates. Benin J. Soc. Sci., 8, 9: 1-5. 2. Al-Tit, A & Suifan, T. S. (2015). The Mediating Role of Job Characteristics in the Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(9), 215-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n9p215 3. Appelbaum, S.H. and Kamal, R. (2000). An analysis of the utilization and effectiveness of non-financial incentives in small business, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 19 No. 9, pp. 733-763. 4. Appelbaum, S.H. and Kamal, R. (2000). An analysis of the utilization and effectiveness of non-financial incentives in small business, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 19 No. 9, pp. 733-763. 5. Armstrong M (2016). Armstrong’s Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management , London: Kogan Page. 6. Arthur, J.K., (1994). Effects ofhlllllan resource system on manufacturing performance and turnover. Acad. Manage. J., 37: 670-687. 7. Benkhoff, B., (1997). Disentangling organisational conunitment: The dangers of the OCQ for research policy. Personnel Review, 26: 114-131. 8. Boyatzis, R. (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. London : Sage Publication Ltd. 9. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. 10. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57-71). doi:10.1037/13620-000. 11. Breunig, R., Garrett-Rumba, B., Jardin, M. and Rocaboy, Y. (2013). Wage dispersion and team performance: a theoretical model and evidence from baseball. Applied Economics, Vol. 46 No. 3, pp. 271-281. 12. Breunig, R., Garrett-Rumba, B., Jardin, M. and Rocaboy, Y. (2013). Wage dispersion and team performance: a theoretical model and evidence from baseball. Applied Economics, Vol. 46 No. 3, pp. 271-281. 13. Chan, K. C., Gee, M. V., & Steiner, T. L. (2000). Employee happiness and corporate financial performance.Financial Practice & Education, 10(2), 47-52. 14. Crow, M. S., Lee, C. B., and Joo, J. J. (2012). Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers: An investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 402-423 15. Dessler, G. (2008). Human resource management (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Prentice Hall. 16. Folger, R. G., and Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational Justice and Human Resource Management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 17. Franck, E.P. and Nüesch, S. (2011).The effect of wage dispersion on team outcome and the way team outcome is produced”, Applied Economics, Vol. 43 No. 23, pp. 3037-3049. 18. Franck, E.P. and Nüesch, S. (2011).The effect of wage dispersion on team outcome and the way team outcome is produced”, Applied Economics, Vol. 43 No. 23, pp. 3037-3049. 19. Frey, B.S. (2007). Awards as compensation, European Management Review, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 6-14. 20. Fynes, N., & Storrie, A. (1998). Families and Work in the Twenty-first Century: Employer Benefit from Flexible Working. Department 0f Social and Family Affair. 21. Gallup (2017). State of the Global Workforce. Retrieved from (Gallup). 22. Herzberg, F. (2003). One more time: how do you motivate employees?”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 81 No. 1, pp. 87-96. 23. Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. 24. ILO (Int. Labour Off.), Labour Migr. Branch, Int. Labour Off., Dep. Stat. 2015. ILO Global Estimates on Migrant Workers: Results and Methodology. Special Focus on Migrant DomesticWorkers.Geneva:ILO.http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_ 436343.pdf. 25. Johnson, R. E., Chang, C. H., & Rosen, C. C. (2010). Who I am depends on how fairly I'm treated: Effects of justice on self‐ identity and regulatory focus. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(12), 3020–3058. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559‐ 1816.2010.00691. 26. Joseph, K.V (1988). Migration and Economic Development of Kerala. Mittal Publication, Delhi. 27. Kaliski, B. S. (2007). Encyclopedia of business and finance (2nd ed., p. 446). Detroit: Thompson Gale. 28. Kate Kennedy., Vanessa Hill., Sundra Hominik., (2018).The Evolution of benefits www.shrm.org/research. 29. Kelle, U. (2004) Computer-assisted analysis of qualitative data. In Flick, U., von Kardorff, E. and Steinke, I., editors, A companion to qualitative research. Sage, 276/83. 30. Kleanthis K. Katsaros & Athanasios Tsirikas (2014). Exploring employees' perceptions, job-related attitudes and characteristics during a planned organizational change, International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management 9(1):36-50. 31. Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., and Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 35 No. 6, pp. 644-656. 32. Laurel A. McNall, Aline D. Masuda anf Jessica M. Nicklin (2010).”Flexible work arrangement, Job Satisfaction and Turnover intentions: The mediating role of work to family enrichment. The journal of psychology,1441(1). 61-81. 33. Lazear, E. P., & Sherwin R. (1981). Rank-order tournaments as optimum labor contracts. Journal of Political Economy 89, 841-864. 34. Lum, L., Kervin, J., Clark, K., Reid, F. and Sirola, W. (1998). Explaining turnover intent: Job satisfaction, pay satisfaction or organizational commitment?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 305-320. 35. Maier, C., Woratschek, H., Ströbel, T. and Popp, B. (2016). Is it really all about money? A study on incentives in elite team sports. European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 592-612. 36. Maier, C., Woratschek, H., Ströbel, T. and Popp, B. (2016). Is it really all about money? A study on incentives in elite team sports. European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 592-612. 37. Maier, C., Woratschek, H., Ströbel, T. and Popp, B. (2016). Is it really all about money? A study on incentives in elite team sports. European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 592-612. 38. Miles, M.B. and Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook, second edition. Sage. 39. Moorhead, H. & Griffen, F. (1998). Organisational Behaviour. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 40. Mueller, C. W., and Price, J. L. (1990). Economic, psychological, and sociological determinants of voluntary turnover. Journal of Behavioral Economics, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 321-335. 41. Mulholland, K. (2002). Gender, emotional labour and teamwork in a call centre. Personnel Review, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 283-303. 42. Narayana, D & Venkiteswaran, C. S(2013). Domestic Migrant Labour in Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram: Gulati Institude of Fixation &Taxation (GIFT), Available at: http://www.lc.kerala.gov.in/images/Current/ismstudy.pdf. 43. Prakash, B.A. (1999). The Economic Impact of Migration to the Gulf’. In B.A. Prakash (Ed.), Kerala’s Economic Development. Issues and Problems (pp. 134–49). New Delhi: SAGE Publications. 44. Reja, M. S., & Das, B. (2019). Labour Migration Within India: Motivations and Social Networks. South Asia Research, 39(2), 125–142. doi:10.1177/0262728019842018. 45. Riemer, H.A. and Chelladurai, P. (1998). Development of the athlete satisfaction questionnaire (ASQ). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 127-156. 46. Riemer, H.A. and Chelladurai, P. (1998). Development of the athlete satisfaction questionnaire (ASQ). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 127-156. 47. Rutigliano, A. J. (1986). Some would call it paternalism. Management Review, 75(7), 34-37. 48. Sarang S. Bhola and Supriya S. RASKAR (2013). Ä complete assessment of employees perception towards motivational practices of engineering industry in Satara. ISSN: 2231-5063, Volume 2 issue 10 , April. 49. Townsend, K. (2007). Recruitment, training and turnover: another call centre paradox. Personnel Review, Vol. 36 No. 3, pp. 476-90. 50. Tuckett, A.G. (2005). Applying thematic analysis theory to practice: a researcher’s experience. Contemporary Nurse 19, 75/87. 51. Wood, S., Holman, D. and Stride, O. (2006). Human resource management and performance in UK call centres. British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 99-124. 52. Zachariah, K.C. & S.Irudaya Rajan (2012) Inflexion in Kerala's Gulf connection : report on Kerala Migration Survey 2011. CDS working papers, no.450. Trivandrum: CDS.